Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) Factsheet for Schools

What Teachers Should Know

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, long-lasting illness that affects many parts of the body. Students with ME/CFS have very low energy, among other symptoms. This can make everyday activities difficult, like attending school, completing assignments, playing sports, and spending time with friends.

ME/CFS is often missed or mistaken for other health problems. Experts think it’s a biological illness that affects the immune system, brain, and energy systems in the body. ME/CFS isn't something students can control or simply "push through."

Researchers don't know exactly what causes ME/CFS, but viral infections, immune or nervous system problems, hormone changes, or stress may play a role.

Signs & Symptoms of ME/CFS

Symptoms of ME/CFS can vary from student to student and may include:

• very low energy
• trouble with focus and memory ("brain fog")
• sleep problems, including not feeling rested after sleeping
• dizziness or feeling faint, especially when standing up
• headaches, muscle pain, or stomachaches

Post-Exertional Malaise

Post-exertional malaise (PEM) is when ME/CFS symptoms get worse after physical, mental, or emotional effort. It can happen hours or even a day later and may last for days or longer. Triggers for PEM can include schoolwork, exercise, stress, social activities, and even things like noise or bright lights.

Challenges at School

Students who have ME/CFS may:

• miss class time and homework assignments due to ME/CFS symptoms
• need extra time to take tests and hand in assignments
• appear lazy, tired, rundown, and distracted
• have depression or anxiety
• need a 504 education plan or individualized educational plan (IEP)
• have trouble socializing with peers due to symptoms and missed class time

What Teachers Can Do

ME/CFS can affect a student's attendance, interactions with peers, finishing assignments, and general academic success.

ME/CFS symptoms can vary among students who have it, and a student's symptoms can change from day to day and week to week. So it's important to understand a student's individual needs. Working as a team with the student, parents or guardians, administrators, and a school counselor is the best way to help the student.

Classroom Support

Teachers also can help students with ME/CFS by:

• understanding their energy limits and supporting pacing (balancing activity and rest)
• reducing schoolwork and information overload when possible
• allowing extra time for assignments, projects, and tests
• assisting with note-taking, if needed
• offering time management tools such as an organizer or planner
• recommending tutoring if they have trouble keeping up with assignments
• being patient

Students with ME/CFS may have emotional challenges related to missing school, changes in friendships, and coping with a long-term illness. Watch for signs of emotional distress and help connect students and families with appropriate support when needed.