Parents

Diseases & Conditions

Looking for information about a chronic childhood condition or disease? Read about asthma, allergies, cancer, diabetes, heart murmurs, sleep disorders, and much more.

5 Ways to Prepare for an Allergy Emergency
Air Pollution and Asthma
Allergies Center
Allergy Shots
Alopecia
Celiac Disease
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Do Allergies Cause Asthma?
Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis)
Egg Allergy
First Aid: Allergic Reactions
Fish Allergy
Food Allergies
Food Allergies Center
Food Protein Induced Enterocolitis Syndrome (FPIES)
Going to School With Food Allergies
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Hives (Urticaria)
How Do Doctors Test for Food Allergies?
Immune Thrombocytopenia
Inflammation
Insect Sting Allergy
Kids and Allergies
Milk Allergy
Milk Allergy in Infants
Peanut Allergy
Poison Ivy
Pollen-Food Allergy Syndrome
PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis)
Psoriasis
Seasonal Allergies (Hay Fever)
Serious Allergic Reactions (Anaphylaxis)
Sesame Allergy
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Shellfish Allergy
Soy Allergy
Stem Cell Transplants
Thrombocytopenia
Tree Nut Allergy
What Is Skin Testing for Allergies?
What to Look for on Food Labels if Your Child Has Food Allergies
What's the Difference Between a Food Allergy and a Food Intolerance?
Wheat Allergy

Arthrogram
Coronavirus (COVID-19) and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Enthesitis-Related Juvenile Arthritis
Fibromyalgia
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Inflammation
Jumper's Knee
Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Lupus
Oligoarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Asthma Center
Asthma Flare-Ups
Asthma Medicines
Asthma Triggers
Asthma: Parents Talk (Video)
Can Kids and Teens With Asthma Play Sports?
Can the Weather Affect My Child's Asthma?
Dealing With Triggers: Pets
Definition: Exercise-Induced Asthma
Do Allergies Cause Asthma?
Exercise-Induced Asthma
First Aid: Asthma Flare-Ups
How Can I Help My Child Use a Nebulizer?
Inflammation
Managing Asthma
My Baby Is Wheezing. Is it Asthma?
School and Asthma
Traveling and Asthma
What Are Nebulizers and Inhalers?
What Happens in an Asthma Flare-Up? (Video)
What Is Asthma?
What's an Asthma Action Plan?
When to Go to the ER if Your Child Has Asthma

Achondroplasia
Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Tears
Arthrogryposis
Basilar Invagination
Becker Muscular Dystrophy
Blount Disease
Bow Legs (Genu Varum)
Broken Bones
Broken Collarbone (Clavicle Fracture)
Buckle Fractures
CLOVES Syndrome
Campomelic Dysplasia
Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia
Casts
Cerebral Palsy: Parents Talk (Video)
Cervical Kyphosis
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT)
Chest Wall Disorder: Pectus Carinatum
Chest Wall Disorder: Pectus Excavatum
Chest Wall Disorder: Poland Syndrome
Clubfoot
Comminuted Fractures
Common Childhood Orthopedic Conditions
Compression Fracture of the Spine
Congenital Kyphosis
Congenital Scoliosis
Costochondritis
Craniosynostosis
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Diastrophic Dysplasia
Dislocated Kneecap (Dislocated Patella)
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Dwarfism
Ellis-Van Creveld Dysplasia
External Fixator: Pin Care
Fibromyalgia
Fibular Hemimelia
Flat Feet
Ganglion Cysts
Getting an X-Ray
Goldenhar Syndrome
Greenstick Fractures
Growth Plate Fractures
Growth Plates
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Halo Brace
Halo-Gravity Traction
How Broken Bones Heal
How the Joints Work (Video)
Hypochondroplasia
Idiopathic Scoliosis
In-Toeing
Incentive Spirometer
Inflammation
Jumper's Knee
Knee Injuries
Kniest Dysplasia
Knock Knees (Genu Valgum)
Kyphosis
Leg Length Discrepancy
Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
Limb Differences
Limb Lengthening Surgery: External Fixator
Limb Lengthening Surgery: Internal Lengthening Device
Little League Elbow
Low Calcium in Babies (Hypocalcemia)
Marfan Syndrome
Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injuries
Meningocele
Morquio Syndrome
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
Muscular Dystrophy
Myasthenia Gravis
Myelomeningocele
Nursemaid's Elbow
Osgood-Schlatter Disease
Osteochondritis Dissecans
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Brittle Bone Disease)
Osteomyelitis
Osteosarcoma
Out-Toeing
Panner's Disease
Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (Runner's Knee)
Pectus Carinatum: Bracing
Pectus Excavatum: The Nuss Procedure
Pectus Excavatum: Vacuum Bell Device
Polydactyly
Pompe Disease
Postural Kyphosis
Primordial Dwarfism
Pseudoachondroplasia
Radial Dysplasia
Repetitive Stress Injuries in Sports
Rickets
Rigo Cheneau Brace
Rotator Cuff Tendonitis
Scheuermann's Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Scoliosis: Bracing
Sever's Disease
Shin Splints
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE)
Spina Bifida
Spina Bifida Occulta
Spinal Fusion Surgery
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA): Steven's Story (Video)
Splints
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita (SEDc)
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis
Strains and Sprains
Stress Fractures
Symbrachydactyly
Syndactyly
The Ponseti Clubfoot Brace: Tips for Parents
The Ponseti Method: Bracing Phase
The Ponseti Method: Casting Phase
The Ravitch Procedure
The WREX Orthosis (Assistive Device)
Thumb Duplication
Thumb Hypoplasia
Toe Walking
Torticollis
Torticollis in Infants
Ulnar Dysplasia
Vitamin D
What Is Collagen?
X-Ray Exam: Ankle
X-Ray Exam: Bone Age Study
X-Ray Exam: Cervical Spine
X-Ray Exam: Chest
X-Ray Exam: Elbow
X-Ray Exam: Finger
X-Ray Exam: Foot
X-Ray Exam: Forearm
X-Ray Exam: Hand
X-Ray Exam: Hip
X-Ray Exam: Knee
X-Ray Exam: Leg Length
X-Ray Exam: Lower Leg (Tibia and Fibula)
X-Ray Exam: Pelvis
X-Ray Exam: Upper Arm (Humerus)
X-Ray Exam: Upper Leg (Femur)
X-Ray Exam: Wrist
X-Ray Exams

A to Z: Bell's Palsy
Absence Seizures
Abusive Head Trauma (Shaken Baby Syndrome)
Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM)
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Ataxic Cerebral Palsy
Bell's Palsy
Benign Rolandic Epilepsy
Brain and Nervous System Cancers
Burner (Stinger)
Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) Syndrome
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Cerebral Palsy (CP) Center
Cerebral Palsy: A Parent's Guide (Video)
Cerebral Palsy: Ira's Story (Video)
Cerebral Palsy: Parents Talk (Video)
Cerebral Palsy: Shannon's Story (Video)
Chiari I Malformation
Concussions
Costello Syndrome
Craniopharyngioma
Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy
Epilepsy
Epilepsy Surgery
Fainting
Febrile Seizures
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Focal Aware Seizures
Focal Impaired Awareness Seizures
Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures
Gliomas
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
Headaches
Hydrocephalus
Infantile Spasms
Intractable Epilepsy
Is There a Connection Between Vaccines and Autism?
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Ketogenic Diet for Epilepsy
Lead Poisoning
Legius Syndrome
Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome
Lyme Disease
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Brain
Medulloblastoma
Migraine Headaches
Multiple Sclerosis
Myasthenia Gravis
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Newborn Brachial Plexus Injuries
Pompe Disease
RASopathies
Sanfilippo Syndrome
Seizures
Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Spina Bifida
Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Strokes
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Tourette Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
VP Shunts
Vagus Nerve Stimulator Therapy for Epilepsy
What if My Child Was Exposed to Lead at School or Daycare?
When Can Kids Go Back to School After a Concussion?
When Can Kids Return to Sports After a Concussion?

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL)
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)
Brain and Nervous System Cancers
Cancer Center
Cancer Treatment & Fertility
Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) Syndrome
Chemotherapy
Childhood Cancer
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML)
Costello Syndrome
Craniopharyngioma
Ewing Sarcoma
Germ Cell Tumors
Gliomas
Hemolytic Anemia
Hepatoblastoma
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC)
Hodgkin Lymphoma
Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)
Legius Syndrome
Leukemia
Liver Tumors
Lymphoma
MIBG Treatment for Neuroblastoma
Medulloblastoma
Melanoma
Neuroblastoma
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Neutropenia
Osteosarcoma
Proton Therapy for Cancer
RASopathies
Radiation Therapy
Radioembolization (TARE-Y90) for Liver Tumors
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdoid Tumor of the Liver
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)
Side Effects of Chemotherapy and Radiation
Sinonasal Tumors
Skull Base Surgery
Stem Cell Transplants
Testicular Cancer
Thrombocytopenia
Thyroid Cancer
Undifferentiated Embryonal Sarcoma of the Liver (UESL)
Wilms Tumor

Antegrade Continence Enema (ACE)
Appendectomy
Biliary Atresia
Celiac Disease
Chylous Ascites
Chyluria
Constipation
Crohn's Disease
Diarrhea
Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE)
Epigastric Hernias
Fetal Abdominal Cyst
Functional Abdominal Pain
Galactosemia
Gastroesophageal Reflux
Gastroschisis
Hernias
Hirschsprung Disease
Immunizations and IBD
Imperforate Anus
Indigestion
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)
Inguinal Hernias
Intestinal Malrotation
Intussusception
Lactose Intolerance
Laryngomalacia
Liver Transplant
Nasogastric Tube (NG Tube)
Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Nutrition Therapy and Crohn's Disease
Ostomies
Pancreatitis
Peptic Ulcers
Protein-Losing Enteropathy
Pyloric Stenosis
Quick Video Summary: End Ostomy
Quick Video Summary: Loop Ostomy
Quick Video Summary: Treating Gastroschisis (Gastroschisis Silo)
Quick Video Summary: Treating Indirect Inguinal Hernia
Short Bowel Syndrome
Soiling (Encopresis)
Stomachaches
Tapeworm
Transition of Care: Crohn's Disease
Transition of Care: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Transition of Care: Ulcerative Colitis
Ulcerative Colitis
Umbilical Hernias
What's a Double Barrel Ostomy? (Video)
What's a Laparoscopic Appendectomy? (Video)
X-Ray Exam: Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (Upper GI)

A to Z: Bullous Myringitis
Adenoids and Adenoidectomy
Anotia
Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Test
Auditory Processing Disorder
Aural Atresia
Balance Disorders
Cholesteatoma
Chronic Hoarseness
Cleft Lip
Cleft Palate
Cleft Palate With Cleft Lip
Cochlear Implants
Constricted Ears
Cryptotia
Ear Anomalies
Ear Canal Stenosis
Ear Injuries
Ear Pits
Ear Tags
Ear Tube Surgery
Eardrum Injuries
Ears
Hearing Aids
Hearing Loss
Hearing Loss Factsheet (for Schools)
Hearing Tests
How to Give Your Child Ear Drops
Immunizations and Cochlear Implants
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Laryngomalacia
Microtia
Morquio Syndrome
Nasopharyngoscopy
Orofacial Clefts
Ototoxicity (Ear Poisoning)
Peritonsillar Abscess
Protruding Ears
Quick Video Summary: Ear Tube Surgery (Myringotomy)
Quick Video Summary: Nasopharyngoscopy
Sinonasal Tumors
Speech-Language Therapy
Speech-Language Therapy for Children With Cleft Palate
Stuttering
Submucous Cleft Palate
Tonsillectomy
Tympanoplasty
Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD)
Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD)
What's a Cochlear Implant? (Video)

A to Z: Failure to Thrive
Acanthosis Nigricans
Adrenal Insufficiency
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Craniopharyngioma
Cushing Syndrome
Delayed Puberty
Diabetes Center
Diabetes To-Go Kit
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Failure to Thrive
Gestational Diabetes
Glucagon and Diabetes
Goiters and Thyroid Nodules
Growth Hormone Deficiency
Helping Your Child Adjust to Diabetes
Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease
Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Insulin Injections
Insulin Resistance
Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma
Keeping Track of Your Child’s Blood Sugar
Klinefelter Syndrome
Managing Blood Sugars When Your Child Has Type 1 Diabetes
Medicines for Diabetes
Metabolic Syndrome
Pancreatitis
Preparing Teens With Diabetes for Adult Care
Taking Insulin for Diabetes
Thyroid Cancer
Thyroid Disease
Thyroid Tests
Treating Type 1 Diabetes
Treating Type 2 Diabetes
What Is Type 1 Diabetes?
What Is Type 2 Diabetes?
What Is an Insulin Pump?

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome)
Achondroplasia
Albinism
Alpha Thalassemia
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
Beta Thalassemia
Birth Defects
CLOVES Syndrome
Campomelic Dysplasia
Cardiofaciocutaneous (CFC) Syndrome
Cartilage Hair Hypoplasia
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT)
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Congenital Hypothyroidism
Costello Syndrome
Diamond-Blackfan Anemia
Diastrophic Dysplasia
Down Syndrome
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Dwarfism
Ellis-Van Creveld Dysplasia
Epigenetics
Fanconi Anemia
G6PD Deficiency
Galactosemia
Gene Changes (Mutations)
Genetic Counseling
Genetic Testing
Genetics
Goiters and Thyroid Nodules
Hemophilia
Hemophilia: Handling Bleeds
Hereditary Hemochromatosis
Hydroxyurea for People With Sickle Cell Disease
Hyperthyroidism and Graves’ Disease
Hypochondroplasia
Hypothyroidism and Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
If Your Baby Has a Birth Defect
Klinefelter Syndrome
Kniest Dysplasia
Legius Syndrome
Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Marfan Syndrome
Morquio Syndrome
Multiple Epiphyseal Dysplasia
Muscular Dystrophy
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Newborn Screening Tests
Noonan Syndrome
Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Primordial Dwarfism
Pseudoachondroplasia
Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency
RASopathies
Sanfilippo Syndrome
Sickle Cell Trait
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita (SEDc)
Tay-Sachs Disease
Thyroid Disease
Thyroid Tests
Treacher Collins Syndrome
Triple X Syndrome
Tuberous Sclerosis Complex
Turner Syndrome
XYY Syndrome

A to Z: Beta Thalassemia
Anemia
Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic Stenosis
Aplastic Anemia
Arrhythmia (Abnormal Heartbeat)
Arteriovenous Malformations
Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
Atrioventricular Canal Defect
Beta Thalassemia
Blood Types
Body Basics: The Heart (Slideshow)
Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac Catheterization
Cardiac Stents
Cardiomyopathy
Chylous Ascites
Coarctation of the Aorta
Congenital Heart Defects
Congenital Hemangiomas
Congestive Heart Failure
Dictionary: Aorta
Dictionary: Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt
Dictionary: Blood Pressure
Dictionary: Heart Transplant
Dictionary: Inferior Vena Cava
Dictionary: Interstage Period
Dictionary: Left Atrium
Dictionary: Left Ventricle
Dictionary: Open-Heart Surgery
Dictionary: Right Atrium
Dictionary: Right Ventricle
Dictionary: Sano shunt
Dictionary: Single Ventricle Defect
Dictionary: Superior Vena Cava
Double Outlet Right Ventricle (DORV)
Ebstein Anomaly
Echocardiogram
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
Fetal Echocardiogram
G6PD Deficiency
Heart Health Center
Heart Murmurs
Heart Palpitations
Heart Transplant
Heart and Circulatory System
Hemophilia
Hemophilia: Handling Bleeds
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Hereditary Spherocytosis
Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
Infantile Hemangiomas
Interrupted Aortic Arch (IAA)
Iron-Deficiency Anemia
Kawasaki Disease
Levo-Transposition of the Great Arteries
Long QT Syndrome
Lymphatic Malformations
Marfan Syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome
Mitral Valve Prolapse
Morquio Syndrome
Myocarditis
Noonan Syndrome
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO)
Port-Wine Stains
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
Premature Ventricular Contractions
Pulmonary Stenosis
Pulse Oximetry (Pulse Ox)
Quick Video Summary: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS)
Raynaud's Syndrome
Sclerotherapy
Sickle Cell Disease
Single Ventricle Defects
Splenic Sequestration
Stem Cell Transplants
Strokes
Sturge-Weber Syndrome
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
The Fontan Procedure
The Glenn Procedure
The Lymphatic System and Lymphatic Conditions
The Norwood Procedure
Thrombocytopenia
Tricuspid Atresia
Truncus Arteriosus
Understanding Sickle Cell Disease
Venous Malformations
Ventricular Assist Device
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Von Willebrand Disease
What Is an AED (Automated External Defibrillator)?
What's an Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)? (Video)
Words to Know (Heart Glossary)
X-Ray Exam: Chest

Blood in the Urine (Hematuria)
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chyluria
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Dialysis
Glomerulonephritis
Hemodialysis
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Hydrocele
Hypospadias
Kidney Diseases in Childhood
Kidney Stones
Kidney Transplant
Kidneys and Urinary Tract
Meatal Stenosis
Meatoplasty
Nephrotic Syndrome
Peritoneal Dialysis
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections and Related Conditions
Renal Tubular Acidosis
Testicular Torsion
Ureteral Stent
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR)
What's a Hydrocele? (Video)
Wilms Tumor

ADHD
ADHD Medicines
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Therapy for ADHD
Understanding Dyslexia

Apnea of Prematurity
Bronchitis
Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD)
Chylothorax
Coughing
Cystic Fibrosis
Cystic Fibrosis and Nutrition
Dietary Tips for Kids With Cystic Fibrosis
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
Fetal Lung Mass
Incentive Spirometer
Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Newborns
Laryngomalacia
Lungs and Respiratory System
Managing Asthma
Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)
My Baby Is Wheezing. Is it Asthma?
Plastic Bronchitis
Pulse Oximetry (Pulse Ox)
Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn (TTN)
Vocal Cord Dysfunction (VCD)
What Happens in an Asthma Flare-Up? (Video)
What Is Asthma?
X-Ray Exam: Chest

A to Z: Yeast Infection
Hydrocele
Klinefelter Syndrome
Miscarriages
PMS, Cramps, and Irregular Periods
Precocious Puberty
Talking to Your Kids About STDs
Testicular Torsion
Turner Syndrome
Vaginal Yeast Infections
Vaginitis in Children
What's a Hydrocele? (Video)
Your Daughter's First Gynecology Visit

Helping Your Teen Get Enough Sleep (Video)
Night Terrors
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Sleep and Your Teen
Sleepwalking

Amblyopia
Astigmatism
Black Eyes
Congenital Cataracts
Eyes
Farsightedness (Hyperopia)
First Aid: Eye Injuries
First Aid: Pinkeye
Glaucoma
Morquio Syndrome
Nearsightedness (Myopia)
Pinkeye (Conjunctivitis)
Preventing Eye Injuries
Ptosis
Quick Video Summary: Treating Tear-Duct Blockage (Tear Duct Massage)
Quick Video Summary: Treating Tear-Duct Blockage (Tear Duct Probe)
Retinitis Pigmentosa
Retinoblastoma
Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)
Strabismus
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
Tear-Duct Blockage
Your Child's Vision

A KidsHealth Education Partner Note: All information is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, consult your doctor.